(3) “ignorance that is in them” (v. 18) (4) “due to the hardening of their hearts” (v. 18) (5) “continual lust” (v. 19) (6) “deceitful desires” (v. 22). The parallels with Romans 1:21–32 deserve careful attention. Both texts view sin as a malfunction of the mind. In Romans, a split in the knowing process causes alienation. Although Gentiles “knew God,” they did not acknowledge him (Rom. 1:21). This refusal to “know what they know” is expressed in Ephesians as hardness of heart (contrast Paul’s
Page 230